Post-Conviction Relief for Immigrants
- §6.1 I. Geography of the Field
- §6.2 II. Violations of the Right to Counsel
- §6.3 A. Denial of Counsel
- §6.4 1. Representation by Non-Counsel
- §6.5 2. Invalid Waiver of Right to Counsel
- §6.6 3. Refusal to Allow Self-Representation
- §6.7 B. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
- §6.8 1. Generally - Deficient Performance and Prejudice
- §6.9 2. Failure to Conduct Competent Investigation of the Facts
- §6.10 3. Failure to Research the Law
- §6.11 4. Failure to Advise the Defendant of the Elements and Defenses
- §6.12 5. Failure to Advise the Defendant of Constitutional Rights at Plea the Plea
- §6.13 6. Failure to Assist the Defendant to Withdraw
- §6.14 7. Failure to Consult the Defendant about an Appeal
- §6.15 8. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel on Appeal
- §6.16 C. Failure to Protect the Defendant Against the Immigration Consequences of the Plea
- §6.17 1. Deficient Performance
- §6.18 2. Misadvice vs. Failure to Advise
- §6.19 3. Prejudice
- §6.20 4. The Collateral Consequences Argument
- §6.21 a. California Rejects the Collateral
- §6.22 b. Further Arguments and Authority
- §6.23 5. Affirmative Misadvice May Circumvent the Collateral Consequences Argument
- §6.24 6. Failure to Investigate Mitigating Facts
- §6.25 a. Basic Approach
- §6.26 b. Sample Argument
- §6.27 7. Failure to Investigate the Immigration Consequences of Trial
- §6.28 D. Conflict of Interest
- §6.29 1. Multiple Representation of Conflicting Interests
- §6.30 2. Conflict of Interest in Failing to Raise Counsel’s Own Ineffectiveness
- §6.31 3. Conflict Between Defendant and Counsel
- §6.32 III. Invalid Guilty Pleas
- §6.33 A. Ineffective Waiver of Jury Trial
- §6.34 1. The Failure to Explain the Nature of the Right to a Jury Trial
- §6.35 2. Involuntary Waiver of the Right to a Jury Trial
- §6.36 B. Ineffective Waiver of Right to Remain Silent
- §6.37 C. Ineffective Waiver of Confrontation
- §6.38 D. Failure to Establish Factual Basis
- §6.39 E. Failure to Inform Defendant of the Nature of the Offense
- §6.40 F. Failure to Inform Defendant of Consequences of Plea
- §6.41 G. Breach of Plea Bargain
- §6.42 H. Promissory Estoppel
- §6.43 I. Failure to Disclose Plea Agreement on the Record
- §6.44 J. Coercion to Enter Plea
- §6.45 K. Failure to Establish Mental Competence to Enter Plea
- §6.46 L. Failure to Advise the Noncitizen Defendant of the Right to Contact the Consulate
- §6.47 IV. Violations of the Right to an Interpreter
- §6.48 A. The Right to an Interpreter in Criminal Proceedings
- §6.49 B. Grounds for Invalidating Conviction for Violation of the Right to an Interpreter
- §6.50 V. Other Grounds For Vacating Guilty Pleas
- §6.51 A. Jurisdictional Defects
- §6.52 B. Newly Discovered Evidence
- §6.53 C. Prosecution Withholding of Exculpatory Evidence
- §6.54 D. Actual Innocence
- §6.55 E. Failure of Charge to State All Elements of Offense
- §6.56 F. Other Grounds to Vacate Guilty Pleas
- §6.57 VI. State Advisal Statute Violations
§ 6.8 1. Generally - Deficient Performance and Prejudice
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In order to prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the defendant must establish that (1) counsel’s error constituted deficient performance and (2) was prejudicial.
