Crimes of Moral Turpitude

 

Subject Matter Index

Index References are to section numbers in text

 

A

 

ABC Benefits see Asylum

Abandonment of Minor Child 9.94

Abduction see Kidnapping

Abortion 9.11, 9.16, 9.85

Accessory Liability 9.2–9.5

After the Fact 8.24(A), 9.4, 9.21

Before the Fact (Aiding and Abetting) 8.24(B), 9.3, 9.27, 9.37

Failure to Prevent Commission of a Crime 9.5

Harboring Fugitives 9.35

Misprision of a Felony 8.24(C), 9.5

Accomplice Liability see Accessory Liability

Adjustment of Status

After Grant of Asylum 3.30(C)

As an Admission 5.6

Defined 3.2, 5.6

Effect of CMT Convictions

One CMT Conviction 3.2, 3.44

Two or More CMT Convictions 3.2, 3.44

Generally 3.2

Waivers 3.2, 3.44(D)

See also Waivers

Admission of a CMT 3.14, 4.4

Avoiding 4.4(D)

Conviction 4.4(B)

Effect on Admissibility 4.4, App. C[4]

Effect on Deportability 4.4

Juvenile Acts 2.9

Limitations on Use 4.4(C)

Relationship to Definition of Conviction 4.4, 4.5

Requirements 4.4(A)

Admission to U.S.

Adjustment 3.2, 5.6

“After-Admission” 5.5, 5.13

Applicable Law 5.5(E)

Burden of Proof 5.7

Date of 4.5(F), 5.5

Defined 5.3–5.7

Detention 3.11(C)

Effect of Inadmissibility 4.8

Exceptions 5.5(D)

Illegal Entrants 5.5(A)

Physical Presence 5.5(B)

Relief from Removal 2.2, 5.5(C)

Returning Legal Permanent Residents 5.7

Adultery 9.90, 9.98

Advice of Immigration Consequences 10.8, 10.11

Aggravated Felonies 3.1, 3.3, 3.4, 3.11, 3.12(C), 3.16, 3.43(D), 3.44, 3.46, 9.46, 9.71

Aiding and Abetting see Accessory Liability

Alien Smuggling see Immigration Crimes

Alienage 2.2

Alford (People v. West) Plea 2.4(A)

Amnesty see Legalization

Anticipatory Offenses 9.83

Appeal

Criminal

Direct Appeal 2.3, 2.12(C), 10.2, 10.5, 10.10(E), 10.31

Finality 2.12

Late Appeal 2.12(D), 4.3

Immigration

See also Jurisdiction

Bar 3.18(B)

Convention Against Torture Claim 3.8

Detention and DHS Appeal 3.11(B)

Voluntary Departure 3.40–3.42

“Arriving Aliens” 3.11(C), 5.7

Arson 9.49

Assault 8.7, 9.13–9.17

Aggravated Assault 9.15

Assault (cont’d)

Domestic Assault 8.7, 9.15, 9.93

Indecent Assault 9.15

Sexual Assault 9.17, 9.104

Simple Assault 9.14

Upon Family 8.7, 9.15, 9.93

Upon Law Enforcement 9.15, 9.39

With Deadly or Dangerous Weapon 9.15, 9.75

With Intent to Commit a CMT 9.16, 9.85

With Intent to Inflict Injury 8.7,  9.15

With Intent to Kill 9.16

With Reckless Intent 8.15, 9.15

Asylum 3.29–3.31, 3.46

See also Political Offense Exception; Withholding of Removal; Convention Against Torture

ABC Benefits 3.31

Effect of CMT Conviction 3.30

Effective Date 3.30(B)

Particularly Serious Crimes 3.30(A)

Security Issues 3.30(D)

Waiver 3.30(C)

Attempt 9.81, see also 2.10, 4.1(B), 5.10, 8.15(B), 8.24, 9.12, 9.46, 9.51(B), 9.53, 9.55, 9.62, 9.71

Attempted Suicide 9.12

Auto Theft see Theft

 

B

 

Bad Checks 9.55, 9.57

See also Fraud

Bastardy 9.90

Battery

See also Assault

Domestic 8.7, 9.93

Generally 9.17, 9.105

Bigamy 9.91, App. C[21]

Blackmail see Extortion

Bond 3.11

Brandishing a Firearm see Firearms Offenses

Breaking and Entering 9.50

See also Burglary

Bribery 9.31

Burden of Proof

Criminal 10.3

Deportation 5.1, 5.14(B), 10.7

Detention 3.11(B)

Divisible Statute Analysis 6.2, 7.1–7.4, 7.6, 9.24, 9.51

Fact of Conviction 7.7

Foreign Law 2.10(B)

Inadmissibility

“Arriving Alien” 5.7

Generally 4.1(C)

Minimum Conduct 6.6(B)

Relief see generally Chapter 3

Returning Lawful Permanent Residents 5.7

Minimum Conduct 6.6

Relief 3.1(A)

      Discretionary Findings 3.1(C)

Uncharged Convictions 3.1(B)

Single Scheme 5.14(B)

Vacated Conviction 10.4(B)

Burglary 9.51

Attempted 9.51(B)

Intent to Commit Non-CMT 9.85

Possession of Burglary Tools 9.83

 

C

 

Cancellation of Removal

See also Suspension of Deportation

Generally 3.3, 4.8

Effect of CMT Conviction 3.3–3.5

Judicial Review 3.18

Lawful Permanent Residents 3.4

NACARA 3.22

Non-Lawful Permanent Residents 3.5, 3.14

Stop-Time Rule 3.6, 3.35

Violence Against Women Act 3.37(B)

Carnal Knowledge or Abuse 9.98, 9.105

Carrying a Concealed Weapon see Firearms Offenses

Categorical Analysis to Determine if CMT see Crime of Moral Turpitude, Classification As

Charging Papers see Record of Conviction

Check Offenses see Bad Checks

Children, Offenses Committed Against

Child Abandonment 9.94

Child Abuse 9.92, 9.97

Contributing to the Delinquency of a Minor 9.97

Nonsupport 9.94

Sexual Offenses see Sexual Offenses

Citizenship

See also Naturalization

Derivative Citizenship 2.2

Civil Dispositions 2.14(C)

Conjunctive Charge see Divisibility

Analysis

Conjunctive Phrasing 7.4(B)

Collateral Attack

On JRAD 10.19

On Order Vacating Conviction 10.7

Conspiracy

Generally 4.1(B), 8.24(D), 9.82

To Defraud the U.S. 9.37, 9.46, 9.67, 9.82

Consular Processing 3.2, 3.7, 3.31, 3.44, 4.7, 8.2(B), 9.1(A)

Contempt 9.32

Contributing to the Delinquency of a Minor see Children – Offenses Against; Sexual Offenses

Controlled Substance Offenses 3.16(A),

9.1, 9.6–9.9, App. C[2]

Admission App. C[5]

See also Admission of a CMT

Distribution 9.9

Drug Abuse and Addiction 3.45(A), App. C[14]

Expungement see Expungement

Facilitation of Sale 9.9

Family Member of Trafficker App. C[7]

Importation 9.8

Particularly Serious Crime 3.46

Possession and Lesser Offenses 9.7

Prescription Offenses 9.8

Regulatory Offenses 9.8

Sale 9.9

Solicitation 9.7, 9.84

Trafficking Offenses 9.9, App. C[6]

Transportation 9.9

Convention Against Torture 3.8

Conviction 2.2-2.13

Admissions of 4.4(B)

Charges 7.11(A), 7.4(B)

Constitutional Safeguards 2.4

Court Martial 2.11

Definition 2.4, 10.27

Effect of New Definition 10.5–10.6

Effective Date 2.4

Dismissal 2.5

Effective Order Vacating 10.1–10.10

As Legally Invalid 10.2, 10.4, 10.6

Collateral Attack by DHS 10.2, 10.4

Full Faith and Credit 10.7

Expungement see Expungement

Finality

Deferred Adjudication 2.12(E)

Direct Appeal 2.12(C)

Generally 2.12(A)

Late Appeal 2.12(D)

Post-Conviction Relief 2.12(F), 10.4

Post-1996 2.12(B)

Sentence 2.4(B), 2.12(C)

In Absentia 2.8

Inadmissibility 4.3

Infractions 2.4(A)

Juvenile Proceedings 2.9

Multiple Convictions 3.16(B)

Proof of Conviction 2.13, 7.7(B)

State Rehabilitative Relief 10.11

Conviction (cont’d)

Vacating 2.3, 10.2

Violations 2.4(A)

Uncharged, Use of 3.1(B)

Copyright Infringement 9.52

Counsel, Effectiveness see Post-Conviction Relief

Counterfeiting 9.33

Court Martial see Military Convictions

Credit Card Offenses see Fraud

Crewmen 3.3

Crime, Requirement of 2.14, 8.19

      Civil Dispositions 2.14(C)

      State Label 2.14(B)

Crime of Moral Turpitude, Classification as, Categorical Analysis 6.1–6.6

Comparison of Statute of Conviction and Removal Ground 6.2, 6.4

Divisible Statutes 7.1–7.9

Effect of State Law Classification 6.5(B)

Elements of the Offense 6.2

Judicial Decisions 6.5

Statutory 6.4

Minimum Conduct Necessary 6.6, 7.2

Reasoning from One Decision to Another 9.1(A)

Record of Conviction see Record of Conviction

Relevance of the Facts of the Offense 6.2, 7.7-7.9

Resort to Record of Conviction 7.7–7.12

Rule of Lenity 6.4, 6.7, 7.4(B)

Subsequent Offenses 8.2(A)

Crime of Moral Turpitude, Definition

Categories of 9.1(D)

Consular Processing 8.2(B)

Deference to BIA 8.2(G)

Foreign Offenses 8.2(H), 8.21(B)

See also Foreign Convictions

Generally 8.2

Gravity of the Offense 8.20

Intent see Intent

Malum In Se vs. Malum Prohibitum 8.2(A), 8.2(C), 8.10, 8.22(C)

Ninth Circuit 8.2(E)

Non-Immigration Contexts 8.2(F)

Prior Convictions 8.2(A), 8.2(B)

Regulatory Offenses see Regulatory Offenses

Requirement of a Crime see Crime, Requirement

Seventh Circuit 8.2(D)

Significance of Contemporary Standards 8.21

Target Offenses see Target Offenses

Vagueness Challenge 8.2(C)

Crime of Violence

Asylum see Particularly Serious Crime

Juvenile Proceedings 2.9

State Law Classification 6.5(B)

212(h) Waiver 3.44

Criminal Libel 9.20

 

D

 

Damage to Property 9.58

Deferred Action Status 3.9

Deferred Adjudication 2.6, 2.12(E), 10.11

Deferred Enforced Status (DED) 3.36

Deferred Entry of Judgment see Diversion

Definition, Crime of Moral Turpitude see Crime of Moral Turpitude, Definition

Delinquency Findings see Juveniles

Deportation on the Basis of One CMT

Conviction

Elements of Ground of Deportation

5.2

“After Admission” 2.10(D), 5.3-5.7, see also Admission

Date of Commission 5.11

      5-Year Rule 5.11(A)

      No Contest Plea 5.11(B)

      Re-Starting the Clock 5.5(B)

S-Visa 5.2(C), 5.11(C)

Deportation on the Basis of One CMT

Conviction (cont’d)

No-Contest Plea 5.11(B)

Sentence Requirements

AEDPA Version, from April 24, 1996, to March 31, 1997 5.10

Current Law, after April 1, 1997 5.9

Effect of Vacating or Reducing the Sentence 5.9(D)

Effect of Vacating Prior Conviction 5.9(D)

Felony/Misdemeanor 5.9(B)

Pre-AEDPA Version, before April 24, 1996 5.10

Eligibility for Relief see generally Chapter 3

Deportation on the Basis of Two or More

CMT Convictions 5.12–5.15

Elements of Ground of Deportation

5.13

“After Admission” 2.10(D), 5.13, see also 5.3–5.7

Single Scheme Exception 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.16(B), 3.18, 3.43(C), 5.14

Use of CMT Previously Waived under INA § 212(c) 5.15, see also 3.43

Derivative Citizenship 2.2

Desertion see Military Offenses

Detention 3.11

See also Expedited Removal

“Arriving Aliens” 3.11(C)

Mandatory 3.11(A)

Noncitizens with Final Order of Removal 3.11(B)

Discretionary Relief 3.1, 3.18(B), see generally Chapter 3

Disjunctive Phrasing 7.4(A)

Dismissed Counts, See Record of Conviction

Disorderly Conduct 9.34

Diversion 2.6, 4.3(B)

Divisibility Analysis 7.1–7.12

See also Categorical Analysis

Court Differences 6.2(B), 7.1

Conjunctive Charges 7.4(B)

Discrete Subsections 7.3

Disjunctive Statutes 7.4

Elements vs. Facts 6.2, 7.6, 7.8, 7.9

Existence of Conviction 7.7(B)

Fact of Conviction 7.7(A)

Generally 7.1

Multiple Means 7.6(B)

Nature of Offense 7.7(A)

Record of Conviction 7.8–7.12

See also Record of Conviction

When it Applies 7.2–7.5

When it Does Not Apply 7.6

Domestic Battery 8.7, 9.93

See also Assault

Domestic Violence

As Crime of Moral Turpitude 3.16, 8.7, 9.92–9.93

Violence Against Women Act 3.27, 3.37

Domicile 3.43

See also Physical Presence

Doubts Favor the Noncitizen see Rule of Lenity

Driving Under the Influence see Motor Vehicle Offenses

Drug Offenses see Controlled Substance Offenses

Drunk Driving see Motor Vehicle Offenses

 

E

 

Effective Assistance of Counsel see Post-Conviction Relief

Effective Dates

Admission of CMT 4.4

AEDPA 3.4, 3.11(C), 3.18, 3.43, 10.26

Asylum 3.30(B)

Effective Dates (cont’d)

Cancellation 3.6

Conviction Definition 10.3

Family Unity 3.13

Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act 2.9

Finality of Conviction 2.12(B)

JRAD Repeal 10.18

Judicial Review Restrictions 3.18

INA § 212(c) 3.43

INA § 212(h) Regulation on Crimes of Violence 3.44

IIRAIRA 3.4, 3.43

Mandatory Detention 3.11(A)

Petty Offense Exception 4.5(E)

Reinstatement 3.34

Single CMT Ground of Deportation 5.10

Special Agricultural Workers (SAW) Program 3.21

Suspension of Deportation 3.35(E)

VAWA 3.26, 3.37

Elements of the Offense, Role in Determining Whether CMT

See also Categorical Analysis

Judicially Created Elements 6.5

Divisibility Analysis 7.1-7.9

Record of Conviction 7.10-7.12

Reference to State Law 6.4, 6.5(B)

Statutory Elements 6.4, 7.9

Versus Facts 7.9

Embezzlement 9.53, 9.55

Endangerment 9.18

See also Children, Offenses Committed Against

Entry, Into U.S.

see Admission to U.S.

Escape 9.35

Evidence

Police Reports 7.12

Record of Conviction 7.10

Expedited Removal 3.12

      Aggravated Felons 3.12(C)

      Illegal Entrant 3.12(B)

      Judicial Orders of Removal 3.12(D)

      Misrepresentation 3.12(A)

      Noncitizens in Prison 3.12(E)

Expungement

Controlled Substance Offenses 2.6, 4.3, 10.11

Effect on CMT Conviction 2.10(E), 3.1, 3.14, 3.23, 3.30, 4.3–4.4, 10.5, 10.7, 10.11(C)

Foreign 2.10(E)

Extortion 9.36, 9.54

 

F

 

Facilitation

Controlled Substance Offenses 9.9

Facts of the Offense, Role in Determining Whether CMT 6.2(B), 7.7-7.9

Factual Basis 7.9(D)

Failure to Prevent a Crime 9.5

False Pretenses 9.37, 9.55, 9.62

False Statement Offenses 9.64–9.70

For U.S. Government Benefits 9.67

Generally 9.65

Of U.S. Citizenship 9.68

On Tax Returns 9.46

Perjury see Perjury

To U.S. Government Official 9.66

Family Unity 3.13, 3.25, 3.27

Family, Offenses Against

      Adultery 9.90

      Bastardy 9.90

      Bigamy 9.91

      Child Abuse 9.92

      Domestic Battery 9.93

      Nonsupport 9.94

      Sexual Offenses 9.95

Federal Courts see Jurisdiction

Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act see Juvenile Proceedings

Felony Offense 2.9, 2.13, 4.5(D), 5.9(B), 8.20 10.24

Reduction to Misdemeanor 10.24

Finality of Conviction see Conviction

Financial Crimes

See also Fraud

Financial Crimes (cont’d)

Bankruptcy Offenses 9.36

Counterfeiting 9.33

Currency Violations 9.36

Embezzlement 9.53, 9.55

Securities Fraud 9.36, 9.55

Structuring Financial Transactions 9.36

Firearms Offenses 9.71–9.75

Brandishing a Weapon 9.72

Carrying a Concealed Weapon 9.73

Possession of a Firearm 9.74

Use of Firearms 9.75

Fondling 9.97

Foreign Convictions

Burden 2.10(B)

By Juveniles 2.10(G)

Crime in United States 2.10(A), 2.14, 8.2(H)

Deportation 2.10(D)

Due Process 2.10(C)

Finality 2.12

Military 2.10(H), 2.11(B)

Not Limited to Record of Conviction 7.9(E)

Vacatur 10.7(B)

Foreign Expungements 2.10(E)

Foreign JRADs 10.13(E)

Foreign Law 2.10, 2.14, 7.11, 8.2

Foreign Pardons 2.10(F), 7.12(D), 10.23

Forgery 9.69

Fornication 9.98, 9.103

Full Faith and Credit of State Court Orders 10.7, 10.19, 10.27

Fraud

Against the Government 6.2(B), 8.6(B), 9.37

Against Revenue 9.37, 9.55

Bank Fraud 9.55

Check Fraud 9.55, 9.57

Commercial Documents 9.55

Conspiracy to Defraud 9.37

Credit Card Fraud 9.55, 9.57

Destruction of Own Property 9.55

False Pretenses 9.55

Fare Evasion 9.55

Immigration Fraud 9.37, 9.79

Impersonation 9.55

Intent to Defraud 8.6(B), 9.37

Mail Fraud 9.41, 9.55

Passing Bad Checks 9.57

Passport Fraud 9.37, 9.79

Securities Fraud 9.36, 9.37, 9.55

Student Loan Fraud 9.37, 9.55

Tax Fraud 9.46

Telephone Fraud 9.37

Unemployment Fraud 9.55

Waivers 3.43, 3.44, 3.45(B), 3.45(D)

Welfare Fraud 9.37

 

G

 

Gambling 9.38

General Intent see Intent

Good Moral Character

Cancellation of Removal 3.5

CMT 3.1, 3.14, 4.1(D)

Generally 3.14

NACARA 3.22

Naturalization 3.23(A)

Petty Offense Exception 4.5

Registry 3.33

State Rehabilitative Relief 10.11

Suspension of Deportation 3.35

Vacated Conviction 10.4

VAWA 3.37

Voluntary Departure 3.38, 3.40, 3.41

Grand Theft see Theft

Great Bodily Harm 8.7

See also Assault

Gross Negligence see Intent

Guilty Plea

Alford (People v. West) Plea 2.4, 4.4(C)

As Charged 7.9(B)

As Part of the Record of Conviction 7.11(E)

Insanity 2.5

Guilty Plea (cont’d)

No Contest 2.4, 4.4(C)

Not Admission of Facts 4.4(C)

To Lesser Offense 7.12(D)

Withdrawal of Plea see Post-Conviction Relief

 

H

 

Habeas Corpus 2.12, 3.8, 3.11, 3.18(A), 10.8, 10.10, 10.11

See also Jurisdiction

Harboring Fugitives 9.35, 9.4

Homicide see Murder

Homosexual Conduct 9.100, 9.34

 

I

 

Illegal Re-entry see Immigration Crimes

Immigration Crimes 9.76–9.79

False Claim of U.S. Citizenship 9.68, App. C[15]

False Immigration Documents 3.45(B), 3.45(D), 9.37, 9.79

False Statements to Immigration Officials 3.12(A), 9.37, 9.66, 9.70, App. C[16]

Illegal Re-entry 3.12(B), 3.34, 3.42, 9.78

Immigrant Smuggling 3.2, 3.18, 3.45(C), 3.46, 9.77, App. C[18]

Passport Fraud or Misuse 3.45(B), 3.45(D), 9.37, 9.70

Visa Document Fraud App. C[17]

See also Fraud

Impeachment with CMT Conviction 6.2, 8.2(F)

Impersonating Law Enforcement see Police

Impersonation 9.40, 9.55

INA § 212(h) see Waivers

INA § 212(c) see Waivers

Inadmissibility

Admission Doctrine 4.1, 5.3–5.7

Admission of a CMT 4.4

After Removal 3.17

Attempted Conspiracy 4.1(B)

Burden of Proof 4.1(C), 6.6(D)

Deportable but not Inadmissible 3.44, 4.1(E)

Exceptions

Petty Offense Exception 4.2, 4.5

Political Offense Exception 4.7

Youthful Offender Exception 4.6

Good Moral Character see Good Moral Character

Grounds of Inadmissibility Relating to

CMTs

Admission 4.4

Conviction 4.3

Conviction of One or More CMTs 4.1–4.4, App. C[1]

Elements 4.2

Immigration Consequences 4.8, see generally Chapter 3

Non-CMT Criminal Grounds 3.16

State Rehabilitative Relief 4.3(B)

Waivers see Waivers

Incest 9.95

Inchoate Crimes see Accessory Liability, Attempt, Conspiracy, Misprision, Solicitation

Income Tax Crimes see Tax Evasion

Indecency 9.98, 9.99, 9.100

Indecent Assault see Assault

Indecent Liberties 9.97

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel see Post-Conviction Relief

Infractions 2.4(A)

Insanity 2.5

Intent, as Required Element for CMT Classification

Evil Intent 8.3

Generally 8.3, 8.9

      Differing Definitions 8.18, 9.3(C)

General Intent 8.11

Gross Negligence 8.14

Knowledge 8.17

Intent, as Required Element for CMT  

Classification (cont’d)

Malice 8.16

Negligence 8.13

Recklessness 8.15(A)

      Attempted 8.15(B)

Strict Liability 8.10

Willfulness 8.17

Intent to Break Law 8.12

Intent to Commit a CMT 7.5(A), 8.23, 9.16, 9.83, 9.85

Intent to Commit a Felony 9.50–9.51, 9.85

Intent to Commit Theft 7.5, 8.5, 8.23, 9.50–9.51, 9.81, 9.85

Intent to Defraud 8.6, 9.65, 9.66

Intent to Inflict Bodily Harm 8.7

Lewd Intent 8.8

Interference with Law Enforcement 9.39

Intimidation see Threats

Involuntary Manslaughter see Manslaughter

 

J/K

 

Joyriding 9.62, 9.88

Judicial Recommendation Against Deportation (JRAD) 10.12–10.20

Collateral Attack on 10.19

Continuing Validity 10.15

Effective Date of Repeal 10.18

Ex Post Facto Argument 10.18(B)

Foreign JRADs 10.13(E)

Immigration Effect of 10.13, 10.15

Ineffective Assistance in Failing to Request 10.16

Requirements 10.14

Upon Vacating Conviction 10.17

Judicial Review see Jurisdiction

Judicial Orders of Removal 3.12(D)

Jurisdiction

Criminal Court, Lacking in 2.7, 10.7, 10.9

Criminal Grounds Bar 3.18(B)

Convention Against Torture 3.8

Discretionary Issues Bar 3.18(B)

Federal Court of Appeals–Petition for Review of Immigration Decision 3.18

Habeas Corpus (28 U.S.C. § 2241) 2.12, 3.8, 3.11, 3.18(A), 10.1, 10.2, 10.8, 10.11

JRAD see Judicial Recommendation Against Deportation

Pardon 10.21

Reinstatement 3.34

Voluntary Departure 3.42

Jury Trials 3.43(B), 4.5, 7.11(D), 7.12(D)

Juveniles 2.9

Definition of Conviction 2.9, 4.6

Family Unity 3.13

Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act 2.9(B)

Foreign Crimes 2.10(G)

Inadmissibility 4.4

Transfer into Adult Court 2.9

Youthful Offender Exception 4.6(B)

Waiver 3.45(F)

Kidnapping 9.19

Knowledge see Intent

 

L

 

Label, State

      Criminal 6.5(B)

      As CMT 8.2(F)

      Level 2.14(B)

Larceny see Theft

Lasciviousness see Lewdness

Lawful Permanent Resident

Adjustment of Status as an Admission 5.6

Cancellation of Removal 3.4

Effect of Inadmissibility on Returning LPRs Seeking Admission 5.7

INA § 212(h) Waiver 3.44(B)

INA § 2.12(c) Waiver 3.43

Legalization 3.19

Legalization (cont’d)

Amnesty 3.13, 3.20

Special Agricultural Workers (SAW) Program 3.21

Lenity, Rule of see Rule of Lenity

Lesser Included Offenses

As Not Part of the Record of Conviction 7.12(D)

Manslaughter 9.21–9.24

Lewdness 8.8, 9.34, 9.100

Libel 9.20

Liquor Law Violations see Regulatory Offenses

Loan Sharking see Extortion

Loitering 9.34, 9.84, 9.100

 

M

 

Mail Offenses 9.41

Extortion by Mail 9.41

Mail Fraud 9.41, 9.55

Mailing Obscenity 9.41, 9.101

Theft of Mail 9.41, 9.61, 9.62

Threats by Mail 9.41

Malice see Intent

Malicious Mischief see Property Destruction

Malum In Se 8.2, 8.3, 8.22(C)

Malum Prohibitum 8.2, 8.10, 8.22(C)

Mandatory Detention see Detention, Mandatory

Mann Act Violations see Fornication

Manslaughter 9.21–9.24

Generally 9.21

Involuntary 9.23

Reduced from Murder 9.24

Statute not Specifying Voluntary or Involuntary 9.24

Voluntary 9.22

With Deadly Weapon 9.24

With Reckless Intent 9.22, 9.24

Mayhem 9.25

Medical Issues

See also Controlled Substances

Waiver 3.45(A)

Military Convictions 2.11, 9.42

      AWOL 9.42(C)

Court Martial 2.11(A)

Foreign Convictions 2.10(H), 2.11(B)

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel 2.11(C)

Pardon 2.11(C)

Selective Service 2.11(C), 9.42(A)

Minimum Conduct 6.2, 6.6, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.6

      Full Range 6.6(B)

      Generally 6.6(A)

      Inadmissibility 6.6(D)

      Possibility of Prosecution 6.6(C)

Misdemeanors 2.9, 2.14, 3.13, 3.20, 3.21, 3.36, 4.5, 5.9(B), 5.10, 5.13

Reduced from Felony 10.24

Misprision of a Felony 9.5

Money Laundering App. C[13], 9.53

Moral Turpitude, Definition see Crime of Moral Turpitude, Definition

Motion to Reopen see Reopen

Motor Vehicle Offenses 9.86–9.88

Driving Under the Influence 9.87

False Driver’s License 9.88

Hit and Run 9.88

Joy Riding 9.62, 9.88

Reckless Driving 9.88

Theft-Related Offenses 9.62

Murder 9.4, 9.26

Multiple Conviction Ground of Inadmissibility 3.16(B), App. C[3]

 

N

 

NACARA 3.3, 3.14, 3.22, 3.31, 3.35,

Narcotics see Controlled Substance Offenses

National Security Offenses see Military Offenses

Nationals of the United States 2.2

Naturalization 3.19, 3.23, 9.37

Effect of Inadmissibility 2.2, 3.23

Naturalization (cont’d)

Effect of Probation or Parole 3.23

Good Moral Character 3.14, 3.23

Relief from Removal 3.23(B)

Nature of Offense see Divisibility Analysis

Negligence see Intent

No-Contest Plea 5.11(B)

Non-Immigrant Visas 3.24–3.27

See also Consular Processing

“J” Visa 3.3

“S” Visa 3.25, 5.9(C), 5.1(C)

“T” Visa 3.26

“U” Visa 3.27

Nonsupport see Children, Offenses Committed Against

Nuisance 9.56

 

O

 

Obscenity 9.101

Obstruction of Justice 9.4, 9.43

One CMT Conviction see generally Chapters 4, 5

 

P/Q

 

Pandering 9.102

Pardon 10.21–10.23, 2.11(C)

      Draft Evasion 2.11(C)

Effect on CMT Conviction 4.4, 10.21

Foreign Pardons 2.10(F), 7.12(D), 10.23

Requirements 10.21–10.22

Parole (Criminal) 3.14, 3.23

Parole (Immigration) 3.28, 4.5(F), 5.3

Parties to the Crime see Accessory Liability

Particularly Serious Crimes 3.8, 3.13, 3.30(A), 3.36, 3.46

Passing Bad Checks 9.55, 9.57

Passport Offenses see Immigration Crimes

Petition for Review see Jurisdiction

Petty Offense Exception to Inadmissibility 4.5, 4.2, 10.25

Commission of Other CMT Conduct 4.5(B)

Date of Admission 4.5(F)

Effective Date 4.5(E)

Elements 4.5(A)

Immigration Effect of 3.2–3.7, 3.11(A), 3.14, 3.18–3.21, 3.23, 3.33, 3.36, 3.37(A), 3.41, 4.5(G)

Sentence Requirements 4.5(C), 4.5(D), 5.9, 10.24, 10.25(B)

Perjury 9.70

Physical Presence 3.4, 3.5, 3.30, 3.35, 3.41, 3.43,

Plea see Guilty Plea

Police

Impersonating Law Enforcement 9.40

Interference with Law Enforcement 9.39

Obstruction of Justice 9.43

Police Reports Not Part of the Record of Conviction 7.12(B)

Political Offenses

Exception to Inadmissibility 4.7

Political Asylum see Asylum

Pornography see Obscenity

Possession, Drugs see Controlled Substance Offenses

Possession, Firearms see Firearms Offenses

Possession of Item with Intent to Commit CMT 9.85, 9.83

Possession of Stolen Property 9.60

Post-Conviction Relief 10.1–10.32

See also Sentence

Analysis 10.8

Appeal, see Appeal

Collateral Attack on Order Vacating the Conviction 10.7, 10.9

Definition, Effect of 10.5, 10.6

Effective Order Vacating the Conviction 10.2–10.10

Expungement see Expungement

Post-Conviction Relief (cont’d)

Fifth Circuit Exception 10.5(B)

Foreign, see Foreign

Grounds to Vacate 10.10

Affirmative Misadvice 10.8(A), 10.10(G)

Breach of Plea Agreement 10.10(N)

Coercion 10.10(S)

Conflict of Interest 10.10(J)

Essential Element Omitted 10.10(M)

Factual Basis 10.10(L)

Failure to Inform Defendant of Nature of Offense 10.10(H)

Immigration Related 10.8

      Affirmative Misadvice 10.8(A)

Failure to Advise 10.8(B)

Failure to Defend 10.8(C)

Failure to Investigate 10.10(B)

Failure to Mitigate 10.8(D)

“No one knew” 10.8(E)

State Advisal Statutes 10.8(F)

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel 10.10(F), 2.11(C)

Insufficient Waivers of Constitutional Rights 10.10(A)

Interpreter Issues 10.10(B)

Mental Incompetence 10.10(I)

Right to Appeal 10.10(E)

Right to Counsel 10.10(D), 10.10(Q)

Sentencing 10.10(P)

Use of Prior Conviction 10.10(C)

Waiver of Counsel 10.10(K), 10.10(R)

Warn of Collateral Consequences 10.10(O)

Immigration Effect 10.3–10.7

Judicial Recommendation Against Deportation see Judicial Recommendation Against Deportation

Jurisdiction of Criminal Court 10.9

Modify or Vacate Sentence see Sentence

Pardon see Pardon

Reduction of Felony to Misdemeanor 10.24

State Rehabilitative Relief 10.11, 10.5

Deferred Adjudication 10.11(A)

Humanitarian Grounds 10.11(B)

State Rehabilitative Statute 10.11(C)

Preparation Crimes 9.37, 9.83

Prison Removal Proceedings see Expedited Record

Private Bills 3.32

Probation

Effect on Naturalization 3.23(A)

Reports, as Not Part of Record of Conviction 7.12(C)

Property Damage or Destruction 9.58

Prosecutorial Discretion 3.9

Prostitution 3.27, 9.47, 9.56, 9.100, 9.102, App. C[8]

Purely Political Offenses see Political Offenses

 

R

 

Racketeering Offenses 9.45

Rape 3.27, 9.15, 9.16, 9.97, 9.103, 9.104, 9.105

Receiving Stolen Property 9.61

Reckless Driving see Motor Vehicle Offenses

Recklessness see Intent

Record of Conviction 6.2(B), 7.10–7.12

Discretionary Findings 3.1(C)

Documents Included 7.11

Bench Trial Findings 7.11(F)

Charge 7.11(A)

Clerk’s Certificate 7.11(F)

Conduct Based Sentence Enhanced 7.11(F)

Factual Basis 7.11(B)

Judgment 7.11(C)

Record of Conviction (cont’d)

Jury Instructions 7.11(F)

Jury Verdict 7.11(D)

Plea 7.11(E)

Sentence 7.11(C)

Statement by Court 7.11(F)

Statements by Defendant 7.11(F)

Statement of Prosecutor 7.11(F)

Documents Not Included 7.12

Charges Against Others 7.12(D)

Clerk’s Certificate 7.12(D)

Codefendant’s Record of Conviction 7.12(D)

Conditions of Probation or Parole 7.12(D)

Criminal History Reports 7.12(D)

Documents Outside the Record of Conviction 6.2(B), 7.8

Dismissed Counts 7.12(A)

Facts Assumed for Criminal Appeal 7.12(D)

Foreign Pardon 7.12(D)

Plea to Lesser Crime 7.12(I)

Police Reports 7.12(B)

Probation and Presentence Reports 7.12(C)

Recidivist Sentence Enhancement 7.12(D)

Statements by Criminal Judge 7.12(D)

Statements in Immigration Court 7.12(D)

Statements of Prosecutor 7.12(D)

Statements by Victims 7.12(D)

Subsequent Offenses 7.12(D)

Elements vs. Facts 7.9

      Factual Basis 7.1(D)

      Forgein Convictions 7.9(E)

Guilty as Charged 7.9(B)

Rational 7.9(A)

      Surplusage 7.9(C), 7.11          

Foreign Convictions 7.9(E), 7.12

Limit to 7.8

Nature of Offense 7.7

Use in Determining Whether CMT 7.8–7.9

Re-Entry After Removal after CMT Convictions 3.12(B), 3.17, 3.34, 3.42

Registry 3.33

Regulatory Offenses 8.22, 9.44, 9.8

Rehabilitative Relief see State Rehabilitative Relief

Reinstatement of Removal 3.34

Relief from Removal see generally Chapter 3

See also Waivers

Removal see Deportation or Inadmissibility

Reopen

Criminal Proceedings 10.32

Immigration Proceedings 3.34, 3.42, 3.43(B), 10.17, 10.31

Retroactivity 2.4, 3.13, 3.18, 3.34, 3.35(E), 3.43, 3.46, 3.6(C), 4.5(E), 5.13, 10.18

Returning LPRs Seeking Admission see Lawful Permanent Residents

RICO Offenses 9.45

Riot 9.34

Robbery 9.27

Rule of Lenity 6.7, 10.16(A)

 

S

 

S Visas see Non-Immigrant Visas

Securities Fraud see Fraud and/or Financial Crimes

Selective Service Violations see Military Offenses

Sentence

Appeal 2.12(C)

Date of Conviction 3.43(A), 5.7, 5.11

Definition of “Sentence Imposed” 2.4(B), 5.8

Former Law 5.10

“One Year” 5.9, 5.10

Suspended Sentence 5.10, 5.13

 

Sentence (cont’d)

Effect of Vacating or Reducing the Sentence 5.9, 10.25

Conviction Definition, Effect of 10.4, 10.27

Five Years 3.16(B), 3.43, 3.46

Grounds to Vacate 10.29

Brady Error 10.29(D)

Breach of Plea Agreement 10.29(L)

Court Reliance on Inaccurate Information 10.29(F), 10.29(I), 10.29(J)

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel 10.29(A)–(C)

Interpreter Issues 10.29(E)

Mechanistic Formulation 10.29(K)

Other Constitutional Violations 10.29(N)

Prosecutorial Misconduct 10.29(G)–(H)

Right to Counsel Violation 10.29(M)

Timely Filed Motion to Vacate 10.29(P)

Vindictiveness 10.29(O)

Most Recent Governs 10.26

Reducing 10.28

Gravity of Sentence 8.20

Increase in Statutory Maximum 5.9, 7.12(D)

Maximum Punishable 2.9, 3.25, 3.43, 4.5(D), 5.9, 5.10, 10.24

One-CMT Ground of Deportation 5.8–5.11

Record of Conviction 7.11(F), 7.11(C)

Requirements for Petty Offense Exception 4.5

Sentencing Enhancements 7.11(F), 7.12(D)

Sexual Offenses

See also Assault; Family, Offenses Against

Against Children 9.97

Carnal Knowledge 9.97

Contributing To Delinquency of a Minor 9.97

Fondling 9.97

Indecent 9.97

Sexual Misconduct 9.97

Statutory Rape 9.105

Assault 9.104

Cohabitation 9.100

Fornication 9.98

Generally 9.96

Homosexuality 9.100

Indecency 9.99

Lewdness 9.100

Obscenity 9.101

Prostitution 9.47, 9.56, 9.100, 9.102

Rape 9.103

Sodomy 9.100

Solicitation 9.100, 9.102, 9.84

Shoplifting see Theft

Single Scheme Exception see Deportation on the Basis of Two or More CMT Convictions

Smuggling

Illegal goods see Regulatory Offenses

Immigrants see Immigration Crimes

Social Security 9.67

Sodomy 9.100

Solicitation 3.27, 9.7, 9.31, 9.84, 9.99,

9.102

Generally 7.84, 8.24(E)

Of a Drug Crime 9.7

Of a Lewd Act 9.99, 9.102

Special Agricultural Workers (SAW) see Legalization

Special Immigrant Juvenile 3.45(F)

Special Removal for Noncitizens in Prison 3.12

Spousal Abuse 3.37, 8.7, 9.15, 9.93

Stalking 9.28

State Law

      Civil Disposition 2.14(C)

      Classification of Offenses 6.5(B)

State Law (cont’d)

Classification as CMT 8.2(F)

Elements of the Offense 6.3, 6.6

Level of Offense 2.14(B)

State Rehabilitative Relief

Collateral Attack of Order Granting 10.11

Immigration Effect 4.3(B), 10.11

Statutory Construction

See also Categorical Analysis; Divisibility Analysis

All Doubts Benefit Noncitizen 6.7

Statutory Rape 9.105

Strict Liability see Intent

Stolen Property 9.59–9.62

Disposing of 9.61

Possession 9.60

Receiving 9.61

Transporting 9.59, 9.61

Structuring Financial Transactions see Financial Crimes

Suicide 9.12

Surplusage 7.11, 7.9(C), 9.36, 9.82

Suspended Sentence 2.4(B), 4.5, 5.10

Suspension of Deportation 3.3, 3.14, 3.35

      Generally 3.35(A)

      Ten-Year Suspension 3.35(B)

      Stop-Time Rule 3.35(C)

      VAWA 3.35(D)

      Retroactivity 3.35(E)

 

T

 

T Visa see Non-Immigrant Visas

Target Offenses 7.5(A), 9.16, 9.50–9.51, 9.85

Tax Evasion 9.46

False Statement 9.46, 9.67

Telephone Fraud 9.37

Temporary Protected Status (TPS) 3.9, 3.31, 3.36

Terrorism 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.11, 3.25, 3.26, 3.27, 3.30, 3.40, 3.45, 3.46, App. C[25]–[33]

Theft 9.62

      Auto 9.62

      Joyriding 9.62, 9.88

False Pretenses 9.62

Grand Theft 9.62

Intent to Commit – Breaking and Entering 9.50

Intent to Commit – Burglary 9.51

Intent to Deprive Owner 9.62, 8.5

Petty Theft 9.62

Shoplifting 9.62

Temporary Taking 9.62, 7.2, 8.5

Threats 9.29, 9.41

Trafficking in Persons

Alien Smuggling see Immigration Crimes

Family Member of Traffickers in Persons App. C[2]

International Child Abduction App. C[22], [23]

Traffickers in Persons App. C[11]

Prostitution see Prostitution

Trespass 9.63

Two or More CMT Convictions 4.5(B), 5.12–5.15

 

U/V

 

U Visa see Non-Immigrant Visas

Underlying Offenses see Target Offenses

Unlawful Entry see Breaking and Entering

Unlawful Voters App. C[24]

Use of Firearms see Firearms Offenses

Vacated Convictions

See also Post-Conviction Relief

Immigration Consequences 2.12, 5.11, 6.3-10.7

Use as Admission of CMT 4.4

Vagrancy 9.47

Vagueness Challenge to CMT Definition 8.2(C)

Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)

3.37

Adjustment 5.6

Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) (cont’d)

Cancellation 3.3, 3.6, 3.37(B)

Crime Victims (“U” Visa) 3.27

Domestic Violence Waiver 3.37(C)

Effect of Inadmissibility 3.44

Good Moral Character 3.14

Self-Petitioning 3.37(A)

Suspension of Deportation 3.35(D)

Victims of Trafficking (T-Visa) 3.26

Violent Crimes

      Asylum 3.30(A)

      INA § 212(h), 3.44(C)

Visa see Non-Immigrant Visas

Visa Fraud 3.16, 3.45(D), App. C[15]-[17]

Voluntary Manslaughter see Manslaughter

Voluntary Departure 3.38–3.42

After Proceedings 3.42

Before Proceedings 3.39

Request During Proceedings 3.40

Request at End of Proceedings 3.14,

3.41

Effect of Inadmissibility 3.38

Effect of JRAD 10.13(C)

 

W/X/Y/Z

 

Waivers of Removal

Former INA § 212(c)

Analogous Grounds 3.43(A)

Date of Conviction 3.43(B)

Domicile 3.43(B)

Effect of Waiver 3.43(A)

History 3.43(A)

Jury Trial 3.43(B)

Motion to Reopen 3.43(I)

Prior Grant 3.3, 3.4, 5.15

Requirements 3.43(A)

Waived CMT Joined with Other CMT 3.43(A)

INA § 212(h) 3.2, 3.7, 3.37

Adjustment of Status 3.44(D)

Lawful Permanent Resident 3.44(B)

Violent Crimes 3.44(C)

Generally 3.44(A)

INA § 209(C), 3.30(C)

Other Waivers 3.45

Alien Smuggling 3.45(C)

Document Fraud 3.45(B)

Medical Grounds 3.45(A)

Non-Immigrant Visas 3.45(E)

Special Immigrant Juvenile 3.45(F)

Visa Fraud 3.45(D)

Welfare Fraud 9.37

Willfulness see Intent

Withholding of Removal 3.8, 3.25(C), 3.29, 3.46

Youthful Offender Dispositions see Juveniles

Youthful Offender Exception to Inadmissibility 3.2–3.7, 3.14, 3.19–3.21, 3.23, 3.33, 3.36, 3.37(A), 3.41, 4.6