Crimes of Moral Turpitude
Detailed Table of Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Preface
- TOC Detailed Table of Contents
- Table of Abbreviations
- § 1 Introduction and Overview
- § 2 General Considerations
- §2.1 II. General Considerations
- §2.2 A. Alienage
- §2.3 B. Requirement of a Conviction
- §2.4 1. Statutory Definition of "Conviction"
- §2.5 2. Dismissal and Acquittal
- §2.6 3. Diversion or Deferred Entry of Judgment
- §2.7 4. Conviction by Court of Competent Jurisdiction
- §2.8 5. Convictions in Absentia
- §2.9 6. Juvenile Proceedings
- §2.10 7. Foreign Convictions
- §2.11 8. Military Convictions
- §2.12 9. Finality of Conviction
- §2.13 10. Proof of Conviction
- §2.14 C. Requirement of a Crime
- § 3 Immigration Consequences of Crimes of Moral Turpitude
- §3.1 I. Introduction
- §3.2 II. Adjustment of Status
- §3.3 III. Cancellation of Removal
- §3.4 A. For Lawful Permanent Residents
- §3.5 B. For Non-Lawful Permanent Residents
- §3.6 C. Continuous Presence and the Stop-Time Rule
- §3.7 IV. Consular Processing
- §3.8 V. Convention Against Torture
- §3.9 VI. Deferred Action Status
- §3.10 VII. Deportation Grounds
- §3.11 VIII. Detention
- §3.12 IX. Expedited Removal and Special Removal Proceedings for Noncitizens in Prison
- §3.13 X. Family Unity
- §3.14 XI. Good Moral Character Ineligibility
- §3.15 XII. Inadmissibility and Excludability
- §3.16 A. Non-CMT Criminal Grounds
- §3.17 B. After Deportation
- §3.18 XIII. Judicial Review Limitations
- §3.19 XIV. Legalization
- §3.20 A. Amnesty Program
- §3.21 B. Special Agricultural Workers
- §3.22 XV. NACARA Relief
- §3.23 XVI. Naturalization to U.S. Citizenship
- §3.24 XVII. Non-Immigrant Visas
- §3.25 A. "S" Visa - Temporary and Permanent Status for Witnesses and Informants
- §3.26 B. "T" Visa - Temporary and Permanent Status for Victims of Trafficking
- §3.27 C. "U" Visa - Temporary and Permanent Status for Crime Victims/Witnesses
- §3.28 XVIII. Parole
- §3.29 XIX. Political Asylum
- §3.30 A. In General
- §3.31 B. American Baptist Church (ABC) Settlement
- §3.32 XX. Private Bill in Congress
- §3.33 XXI. Registry (Creation of a Record of Admission)
- §3.34 XXII. Reinstatement of Removal or Deportation Order
- §3.35 XXIII. Suspension of Deportation
- §3.36 XXIV. Temporary Protected Status (TPS)
- §3.37 XXV. Violence Against Women Act
- §3.38 XXVI. Voluntary Departure
- §3.39 A. Before Removal Proceedings Begin
- §3.40 B. During Removal Proceedings
- §3.41 C. At End of Removal Proceedings
- §3.42 D. After Removal Proceedings
- §3.43 XXVII. Waiver Under Former INA § 212(c)
- §3.44 XXVIII. Waiver of Inadmissibility Under INA § 212(h)
- §3.45 XXIX. Waivers - Other Waivers
- §3.46 XXX. Withholding of Removal
- § 4 Ground of Inadmissibility
- §4.1 I. Inadmissibility Resulting from 1 CMT Conviction or Admission
- §4.2 A. Elements of the Inadmissibility Ground
- §4.3 1. Conviction
- §4.4 2. Admission
- §4.5 B. The Petty Offense Exception
- §4.6 C. The Youthful Offender Exception
- §4.7 D. The Political Offense Exception
- §4.8 II. Significance of Inadmissibility
- § 5 Grounds of Deportation
- §5.1 I. Deportation Resulting from 1 Conviction
- §5.2 A. Elements of Ground of Deportation
- §5.3 B. After "Admission" to the United States
- §5.4 1. Statutory Definition
- §5.5 2. Date of Admission
- §5.6 3. Adjustment of Admission
- §5.7 4. Returning LPRs Seeking Admission
- §5.8 C. Sentence Requirement
- §5.9 1. Maximum Sentence of 1 Year
- §5.10 2. Former Sentence Requirement
- §5.11 D. Date of Commission
- §5.12 II. Deportability Resulting From 2 or More CMT Convictions
- §5.13 A. Elements of the Deportation Ground
- §5.14 B. Single Scheme Exception
- §5.15 C. Effect of Previous Grant of Relief
- §5.16 III. Significance of Deportability
- § 6 Basic Analysis of Moral Turpitude
- §6.1 I. Basic Analysis of Whether a Conviction Constitutes a Crime of Moral Turpitude
- §6.2 II. Categorical Analysis
- §6.3 A. Essential Elements of the Offense
- §6.4 1. Statutory Elements
- §6.5 2. Elements As Defined by Judicial Decisions
- §6.6 B. Minimum Conduct Necessary to Violate the Statute
- §6.7 C. All Reasonable Doubts Favor the Noncitizen
- § 7 Divisible-Statute Analysis
- §7.1 C. Divisible Statutes
- §7.2 A. Divisibility Analysis - When Does It Apply?
- §7.3 1. Discrete Subsections
- §7.4 2. Disjunctive Statutes
- §7.5 3. Other Examples
- §7.6 B. Divisibility Analysis - When It Does Not Apply
- §7.7 C. Nature of Offense
- §7.8 1. Limitation to Record of Conviction
- §7.9 2. Elements vs. Facts
- §7.10 D. Record of Conviction
- §7.11 1. Documents Included
- §7.12 2. Documents Excluded
- § 8 Definition of Moral Turpitude
- §8.1 2. Definition of Crime of Moral Turpitude
- §8.2 A. General Definition
- §8.3 B. Intent Requirement
- §8.4 1. Intent to Commit Certain Acts
- §8.5 a. Intent to Steal
- §8.6 b. Fraudulent Intent
- §8.7 c. Intent to Inflict Bodily Harm
- §8.8 d. Lewd Intent
- §8.9 2. Varieties of Criminal Intent
- §8.10 a. Strict Liability (i.e., No Intent)
- §8.11 b. General Intent (to Commit an Act)
- §8.12 c. Intent to Break the Law
- §8.13 d. Negligence
- §8.14 e. Gross Negligence
- §8.15 f. Recklessness
- §8.16 g. Malice
- §8.17 h. Willfulness or Knowledge
- §8.18 3. Differing Definitions of Intent
- §8.19 C. Requirement of "Crime"
- §8.20 D. Gravity of Offense or Sentence
- §8.21 E. Significance of U.S. Contemporary Standards
- §8.22 F. Regulatory Offenses
- §8.23 G. Target Offenses
- §8.24 H. Non-Substantive Offenses
- § 9 Judicial Decisions
- §9.1 H. Judicial Decisions
- §9.2 A. Accessory Liability
- §9.3 1. Aiding and Abetting
- §9.4 2. Accessory After the Fact
- §9.5 3. Misprision of a Felony
- §9.6 B. Controlled Substance Offenses
- §9.7 1. Drug Possession and Lesser Offenses
- §9.8 2. Drug Regulatory Offenses
- §9.9 3. Drug Trafficking Offenses
- §9.10 C. Crimes Against the Person
- §9.11 1. Abortion
- §9.12 2. Attempted Suicide
- §9.13 3. Assault
- §9.14 a. Simple Assault
- §9.15 b. Aggravated Assault
- §9.16 c. Assault with Intent to Commit a CMT
- §9.17 4. Battery
- §9.18 5. Endangerment
- §9.19 6. Kidnapping
- §9.20 7. Libel
- §9.21 8. Manslaughter
- §9.22 a. Voluntary Manslaughter
- §9.23 b. Involuntary Manslaughter
- §9.24 c. No Statutory Distinction
- §9.25 9. Mayhem
- §9.26 10. Murder
- §9.27 11. Robbery
- §9.28 12. Stalking
- §9.29 13. Threats
- §9.30 D. Crimes Against the Government
- §9.31 1. Bribery
- §9.32 2. Contempt
- §9.33 3. Counterfeiting
- §9.34 4. Disorderly Conduct and Riot
- §9.35 5. Escape, Harboring Fugitives
- §9.36 6. Financial Crimes
- §9.37 7. Fraud Against the Government
- §9.38 8. Gambling
- §9.39 9. Interference with Law Enforcement
- §9.40 10. Impersonating Law Enforcement
- §9.41 11. Mail Offenses
- §9.42 12. Military and Selective Service Offenses
- §9.43 13. Obstruction of Justice
- §9.44 14. Regulatory Offenses
- §9.45 15. Racketeering Offenses
- §9.46 16. Tax Evasion
- §9.47 17. Vagrancy
- §9.48 E. Crimes against Property
- §9.49 1. Arson
- §9.50 2. Breaking and Entering
- §9.51 3. Burglary
- §9.52 4. Copyright Infringement, Interference
- §9.53 5. Embezzlement
- §9.54 6. Extortion
- §9.55 7. Fraud
- §9.56 8. Nuisance
- §9.57 9. Passing Bad Checks
- §9.58 10. Property Damage or Destruction
- §9.59 11. Stolen Goods
- §9.60 a. Possession of Stolen Goods
- §9.61 b. Receiving Stolen Goods
- §9.62 12. Theft Offenses
- §9.63 13. Trespass
- §9.64 F. False Statement Offenses
- §9.65 1. False Statements - Generally
- §9.66 2. False Statements - to U.S. Government Official
- §9.67 3. False Statements - U.S. Government Benefits
- §9.68 4. False Statements - U.S. Citizenship
- §9.69 5. Forgery
- §9.70 6. Perjury
- §9.71 G. Firearms Offenses
- §9.72 1. Brandishing a Weapon
- §9.73 2. Carrying a Concealed Weapon
- §9.74 3. Possession of a Firearm
- §9.75 4. Use of Firearms
- §9.76 H. Immigration Offenses
- §9.77 1. Immigrant Smuggling
- §9.78 2. Illegal Re-entry after Deportation
- §9.79 3. False Immigration Documents and Other Offenses
- §9.80 I. Inchoate and Generic Crimes
- §9.81 1. Attempt
- §9.82 2. Conspiracy
- §9.83 3. Preparation Crimes
- §9.84 4. Solicitation
- §9.85 5. Target CMT Offenses
- §9.86 J. Motor Vehicle Offenses
- §9.87 1. Driving Under the Influence
- §9.88 2. Other Motor Vehicle Offenses
- §9.89 K. Offenses Involving the Family
- §9.90 1. Adultery and Bastardy
- §9.91 2. Bigamy
- §9.92 3. Child Abuse
- §9.93 4. Domestic Battery
- §9.94 5. Nonsupport of Children
- §9.95 6. Sexual Offenses
- §9.96 L. Sexual Offenses
- §9.97 1. Against Children
- §9.98 2. Fornication
- §9.99 3. Indecency
- §9.100 4. Lewdness, Sodomy, Homosexual Conduct
- §9.101 5. Obscenity
- §9.102 6. Prostitution and Pandering
- §9.103 7. Rape
- §9.104 8. Sexual Assault
- §9.105 9. Statutory Rape
- § 10 Post-Conviction Relief
- §10.1 I. Introduction
- §10.2 II. Elimination of a Conviction
- §10.3 A. Vacating the Conviction on a Ground of Legal Invalidity
- §10.4 1. A Conviction Vacated as Legally Invalid Causes No Immigration Damage
- §10.5 2. The New Definition of Conviction Did Not
- §10.6 3. The BIA Decision in Matter of Pickering Did Not Alter This Result
- §10.7 4. Full Faith and Credit Precludes Looking Behind the Face of An Order Vacating a Conviction
- §10.8 5. Analyzing Immigration-Related Grounds
- §10.9 6. Jurisdiction of the Criminal Court to Issue the Order Vacating the Conviction
- §10.10 7. Grounds for Vacating a Conviction Based on a Plea of Guilty or No Contest
- §10.11 B. State Rehabilitative Relief
- §10.12 C. Judicial Recommendation Against Deportation
- §10.13 1. Immigration Effects of a JRAD
- §10.14 2. Procedural Requirements
- §10.15 3. Continuing Validity of Pre-1990 JRADs
- §10.16 4. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
- §10.17 5. Vacating the Conviction
- §10.18 6. Effective Date
- §10.19 7. The Government May Not Collaterally Attack a JRAD
- §10.20 8. Bibliography
- §10.21 D. Pardon
- §10.22 1. Determination of Whether a Pardon Exists
- §10.23 2. Foreign Pardons
- §10.24 III. Reduction of Felony to Misdemeanor
- §10.25 IV. Vacating or Modifying Sentence
- §10.26 A. Basic Rule: Most Recent Sentence Governs
- §10.27 B. The New Definition of "Conviction" Does Not Alter This Result
- §10.28 C. Reducing Sentence
- §10.29 D. Grounds to Vacate Sentence
- §10.30 V. Reopening Proceedings After a Conviction Has Been Vacated
- §10.31 A. Reopening Removal Proceedings
- §10.32 B. Reopening Criminal Proceedings
- Appendix A Indexed Table of Cases
- Appendix B Bibliography
- Appendix C Inadmissibility Grounds Checklist
- Table of Authorities
- Index
- About the Authors
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